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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2016-12-27 11:40:38 -0800
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2016-12-29 11:03:15 -0800
commitb91e1302ad9b80c174a4855533f7e3aa2873355e (patch)
treedacf84fd1ec749b64dd8245195e277d5f804ca12
parent2d706e790f0508dff4fb72eca9b4892b79757feb (diff)
mm: optimize PageWaiters bit use for unlock_page()
In commit 62906027091f ("mm: add PageWaiters indicating tasks are waiting for a page bit") Nick Piggin made our page locking no longer unconditionally touch the hashed page waitqueue, which not only helps performance in general, but is particularly helpful on NUMA machines where the hashed wait queues can bounce around a lot. However, the "clear lock bit atomically and then test the waiters bit" sequence turns out to be much more expensive than it needs to be, because you get a nasty stall when trying to access the same word that just got updated atomically. On architectures where locking is done with LL/SC, this would be trivial to fix with a new primitive that clears one bit and tests another atomically, but that ends up not working on x86, where the only atomic operations that return the result end up being cmpxchg and xadd. The atomic bit operations return the old value of the same bit we changed, not the value of an unrelated bit. On x86, we could put the lock bit in the high bit of the byte, and use "xadd" with that bit (where the overflow ends up not touching other bits), and look at the other bits of the result. However, an even simpler model is to just use a regular atomic "and" to clear the lock bit, and then the sign bit in eflags will indicate the resulting state of the unrelated bit #7. So by moving the PageWaiters bit up to bit #7, we can atomically clear the lock bit and test the waiters bit on x86 too. And architectures with LL/SC (which is all the usual RISC suspects), the particular bit doesn't matter, so they are fine with this approach too. This avoids the extra access to the same atomic word, and thus avoids the costly stall at page unlock time. The only downside is that the interface ends up being a bit odd and specialized: clear a bit in a byte, and test the sign bit. Nick doesn't love the resulting name of the new primitive, but I'd rather make the name be descriptive and very clear about the limitation imposed by trying to work across all relevant architectures than make it be some generic thing that doesn't make the odd semantics explicit. So this introduces the new architecture primitive clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte(); and adds the trivial implementation for x86. We have a generic non-optimized fallback (that just does a "clear_bit()"+"test_bit(7)" combination) which can be overridden by any architecture that can do better. According to Nick, Power has the same hickup x86 has, for example, but some other architectures may not even care. All these optimizations mean that my page locking stress-test (which is just executing a lot of small short-lived shell scripts: "make test" in the git source tree) no longer makes our page locking look horribly bad. Before all these optimizations, just the unlock_page() costs were just over 3% of all CPU overhead on "make test". After this, it's down to 0.66%, so just a quarter of the cost it used to be. (The difference on NUMA is bigger, but there this micro-optimization is likely less noticeable, since the big issue on NUMA was not the accesses to 'struct page', but the waitqueue accesses that were already removed by Nick's earlier commit). Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com> Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h13
-rw-r--r--include/linux/page-flags.h2
-rw-r--r--mm/filemap.c36
3 files changed, 45 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
index 68557f52b961..854022772c5b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
@@ -139,6 +139,19 @@ static __always_inline void __clear_bit(long nr, volatile unsigned long *addr)
asm volatile("btr %1,%0" : ADDR : "Ir" (nr));
}
+static __always_inline bool clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte(long nr, volatile unsigned long *addr)
+{
+ bool negative;
+ asm volatile(LOCK_PREFIX "andb %2,%1\n\t"
+ CC_SET(s)
+ : CC_OUT(s) (negative), ADDR
+ : "ir" ((char) ~(1 << nr)) : "memory");
+ return negative;
+}
+
+// Let everybody know we have it
+#define clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte
+
/*
* __clear_bit_unlock - Clears a bit in memory
* @nr: Bit to clear
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index c56b39890a41..6b5818d6de32 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@
*/
enum pageflags {
PG_locked, /* Page is locked. Don't touch. */
- PG_waiters, /* Page has waiters, check its waitqueue */
PG_error,
PG_referenced,
PG_uptodate,
PG_dirty,
PG_lru,
PG_active,
+ PG_waiters, /* Page has waiters, check its waitqueue. Must be bit #7 and in the same byte as "PG_locked" */
PG_slab,
PG_owner_priv_1, /* Owner use. If pagecache, fs may use*/
PG_arch_1,
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index 82f26cde830c..6b1d96f86a9c 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -912,6 +912,29 @@ void add_page_wait_queue(struct page *page, wait_queue_t *waiter)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_page_wait_queue);
+#ifndef clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte
+
+/*
+ * PG_waiters is the high bit in the same byte as PG_lock.
+ *
+ * On x86 (and on many other architectures), we can clear PG_lock and
+ * test the sign bit at the same time. But if the architecture does
+ * not support that special operation, we just do this all by hand
+ * instead.
+ *
+ * The read of PG_waiters has to be after (or concurrently with) PG_locked
+ * being cleared, but a memory barrier should be unneccssary since it is
+ * in the same byte as PG_locked.
+ */
+static inline bool clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte(long nr, volatile void *mem)
+{
+ clear_bit_unlock(nr, mem);
+ /* smp_mb__after_atomic(); */
+ return test_bit(PG_waiters);
+}
+
+#endif
+
/**
* unlock_page - unlock a locked page
* @page: the page
@@ -921,16 +944,19 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_page_wait_queue);
* mechanism between PageLocked pages and PageWriteback pages is shared.
* But that's OK - sleepers in wait_on_page_writeback() just go back to sleep.
*
- * The mb is necessary to enforce ordering between the clear_bit and the read
- * of the waitqueue (to avoid SMP races with a parallel wait_on_page_locked()).
+ * Note that this depends on PG_waiters being the sign bit in the byte
+ * that contains PG_locked - thus the BUILD_BUG_ON(). That allows us to
+ * clear the PG_locked bit and test PG_waiters at the same time fairly
+ * portably (architectures that do LL/SC can test any bit, while x86 can
+ * test the sign bit).
*/
void unlock_page(struct page *page)
{
+ BUILD_BUG_ON(PG_waiters != 7);
page = compound_head(page);
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
- clear_bit_unlock(PG_locked, &page->flags);
- smp_mb__after_atomic();
- wake_up_page(page, PG_locked);
+ if (clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte(PG_locked, &page->flags))
+ wake_up_page_bit(page, PG_locked);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unlock_page);